The Monadology

The Monadology is a philosophical work by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, which presents his idea of "monads" as the fundamental units of reality. Monads are like individual, simple substances that have no parts and are unique, reflecting the entire universe from their own perspective. Leibniz argues that these monads are self-contained, non-interacting entities that operate in harmony, guided by a pre-established plan from God. This work explores the nature of existence, consciousness, and the relationship between the individual and the universe, emphasizing that everything is interconnected despite their independent nature.