Monads

Monads are a concept from programming, particularly functional programming, that help manage side effects and structure computations. Think of them as design patterns that let you chain actions together while maintaining context—like handling errors, logging, or state—without cluttering the core logic. They abstract complexity by wrapping values and defining how to combine these wrappers consistently. This makes code more modular, predictable, and easier to compose, much like a pipeline where each step seamlessly passes its output to the next, ensuring side effects are handled cleanly and transparently.