Stafford Beer

Stafford Beer was a pioneering theorist in management and systems thinking, best known for developing the concept of the viable system model (VSM). The VSM is a framework for understanding and designing complex organizations, ensuring they remain adaptable, balanced, and capable of self-maintenance. Beer believed organizations are like living systems that must be self-regulating and responsive to their environment. His work emphasizes that effective management requires understanding the interconnected parts of a system and enabling them to work together harmoniously, much like the functions of a healthy organism.