sp^2 Hybridization

sp² hybridization is a mixing of one s orbital and two p orbitals from an atom to form three new equivalent orbitals. This arrangement allows atoms to form bonds in a flat, trigonal planar geometry, which is common in molecules like ethylene (C₂H₄). Each of the three sp² orbitals can form a strong sigma bond with other atoms, while the unhybridized p orbital can participate in forming a pi bond. This hybridization is key to understanding the shapes and bonding in many organic compounds.