shading techniques

Shading techniques are methods used in art and design to create the illusion of depth, volume, and light on a surface. Common techniques include hatching (drawing parallel lines), cross-hatching (layering intersecting lines), stippling (using dots), and gradient shading (blending colors smoothly). These techniques help to depict how light interacts with objects, making them appear three-dimensional. By varying the intensity, density, and direction of these marks, artists can convey shadows and highlights, enhancing the overall realism and emotional impact of their work. Understanding shading enriches both the creation and appreciation of visual art.