Pope Innocent III

Pope Innocent III, who reigned from 1198 to 1216, was one of the most powerful popes in history. He asserted the Church's authority over political leaders, famously influencing kings and emperors. Innocent III convened the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215, which established key church doctrines and reforms. He also played a role in launching the Crusades, aiming to reclaim the Holy Land. His papacy marked a peak in papal power and influence, setting the stage for future religious and political conflicts in Europe. Through his efforts, he shaped the relationship between the Church and secular authorities.