Non-Euclidean Geometry

Non-Euclidean geometry explores shapes and spaces that differ from the familiar Euclidean geometry, which is based on flat surfaces and the familiar rules of angles and lines. In non-Euclidean geometry, such as spherical or hyperbolic geometry, the usual rules do not apply. For instance, on a sphere, parallel lines can converge, and the angles of a triangle can add up to more or less than 180 degrees. This branch of mathematics helps us understand complex concepts in physics and other fields, particularly when dealing with curved spaces, like the universe itself.