microarrays

Microarrays are tools used to study many genes at once. They consist of a small chip dotted with DNA fragments that correspond to thousands of different genes. By adding sample DNA or RNA to the chip, scientists can see which genes are active in a particular cell or tissue, based on how strongly they bind to the chip. This technology helps researchers understand diseases, identify gene functions, and discover how genes interact in different conditions, paving the way for advancements in personalized medicine and genetics.