DNA microarrays

DNA microarrays are laboratory tools used to measure the activity of thousands of genes simultaneously. They consist of a grid of tiny spots, each containing a specific DNA sequence, which acts like a probe. When a sample of labeled genetic material from a person’s cells is applied, it hybridizes or binds to matching sequences on the array. This binding indicates which genes are active and to what extent, allowing scientists to analyze gene expression patterns quickly. Microarrays are valuable in research for understanding diseases, discovering genetic variations, and developing personalized medicine.