melanocyte biology

Melanocytes are specialized skin cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives color to our skin, hair, and eyes. Located mainly in the lower layer of the epidermis, these cells protect against UV radiation by absorbing sunlight and preventing damage to underlying tissues. Melanin production increases with sun exposure, which helps to develop a tan. Factors like genetics, hormonal changes, and skin type influence the number and activity of melanocytes. In some conditions, such as vitiligo or melanoma, melanocyte function can be disrupted, leading to issues like skin depigmentation or cancer.