Knowledge Argument

The Knowledge Argument is a philosophical thought experiment about understanding and consciousness. It suggests that knowing all physical facts about a person doesn’t include personal experiences—especially subjective experiences, or "qualia." A classic example involves a scientist, Mary, who knows everything about color but has never seen it. When she sees red for the first time, she learns something new. This argument implies that consciousness and experiences are not fully captured by objective knowledge. It challenges the idea that all knowledge is physical or can be explained solely through scientific facts.