Kingdom of Portugal

The Kingdom of Portugal was a European monarchy that emerged in the 12th century, becoming a significant maritime power during the Age of Exploration. Its explorers, like Vasco da Gama, played key roles in discovering sea routes to India and Brazil, expanding trade and influence. Portugal established a vast empire, including territories in Africa, Asia, and South America. By the 16th century, it was one of the world's leading powers. However, political instability and competition led to its decline, culminating in the loss of sovereignty to Spain in the 17th century. Portugal became a republic in 1910.