Judiciary Act of 1789

The Judiciary Act of 1789 was a landmark law that established the federal court system in the United States. It created the structure of the Supreme Court, with a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices, as well as various lower federal courts. This act outlined the jurisdiction of these courts and set procedures for federal cases. Essentially, it laid the groundwork for how the judicial branch operates, ensuring that justice could be administered consistently across the nation, and it helped define the balance of power between state and federal courts.