HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis)

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a crucial part of the body's response to stress. It involves three main components: the hypothalamus in the brain, the pituitary gland, which is located just below it, and the adrenal glands situated on top of the kidneys. When you encounter stress, the hypothalamus releases a hormone that signals the pituitary gland to produce another hormone. This prompts the adrenal glands to release cortisol, a key stress hormone. This process helps regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, immune response, and emotional stability, ensuring the body maintains balance in challenging situations.