HPA axis

The HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) is a key stress response system in the body. When you experience stress, the hypothalamus in the brain signals the pituitary gland to release certain hormones, which then prompt the adrenal glands (located on your kidneys) to produce cortisol. Cortisol helps your body handle stress by increasing energy and controlling inflammation. Once the stress passes, signals decrease, reducing cortisol production. This system helps maintain balance, or homeostasis, but if it becomes overactive or dysregulated, it can contribute to health issues like anxiety, depression, or immune problems.