Hellenistic Era

The Hellenistic Era (c. 323-30 BCE) followed Alexander the Great's conquests and marked a period of cultural blending between Greek and Eastern traditions. After Alexander's death, his empire fragmented, leading to the emergence of several Hellenistic kingdoms. This era saw advancements in art, science, and philosophy, with notable figures like Archimedes and Euclid. Cities like Alexandria became centers of learning and innovation. The influence of Greek culture spread far beyond Greece, impacting language, governance, and religion throughout the Mediterranean and Near East, laying foundations for future civilizations. It ended with the Roman conquest of the last Hellenistic kingdom, Egypt.