First Intermediate Period

The First Intermediate Period (c. 2181–2055 BCE) in Ancient Egypt followed the Old Kingdom's decline. It was marked by political fragmentation, with rival dynasties competing for control, particularly in the Nile Valley. Central authority weakened, leading to local rulers gaining power. This era was characterized by economic challenges, social unrest, and a shift in artistic styles, reflecting changes in society. Despite the chaos, notable advancements occurred in literature, religion, and cultural practices, ultimately paving the way for the reunification under the Middle Kingdom, restoring stability and centralized power in Egypt.