Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the eastern Mediterranean after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Centered in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), it thrived for over a thousand years, known for its rich culture, Orthodox Christianity, and advancements in law, art, and architecture. The empire played a crucial role in preserving Greek and Roman knowledge and influenced both Europe and the Middle East. It eventually fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, marking the end of a significant historical era.