downstream processing

Downstream processing refers to the steps taken to purify and isolate a product from a biological process, such as fermentation. After microorganisms produce valuable substances like enzymes, antibiotics, or proteins, downstream processing involves separating these products from the cells and by-products. This typically includes filtration, centrifugation, and chromatography. The goal is to obtain a high-quality, concentrated product that is safe and suitable for its intended use, such as in medicine or food production. Overall, it transforms raw biological materials into valuable, usable products efficiently.