Darius III (of Persia)

Darius III was the last king of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, reigning from 336 to 330 BCE. He faced the invading forces of Alexander the Great, who sought to expand his empire into Persia. Darius III struggled to unite his forces and was ultimately defeated at key battles, including Issus and Gaugamela. After his defeat, he fled but was eventually captured and killed by his own satraps. His reign marked the end of the Persian Empire, which fell to Alexander's conquests, leading to significant cultural and political changes in the ancient world.