D-block elements

D-block elements, also known as transition metals, are a group of metals found in the central block of the periodic table (Groups 3 to 12). They are characterized by the filling of d-orbitals in their atomic structure. These elements often exhibit similar properties, such as high melting and boiling points, the ability to conduct electricity, and variable oxidation states. They play crucial roles in various industries and everyday products, including construction materials, electronics, and catalysts in chemical reactions. Examples include iron, copper, and gold, each known for its unique characteristics and applications.