Covert aggression

Covert aggression refers to subtle, indirect behavior aimed at harming others without overt confrontation. Unlike open aggression, which is obvious and confrontational (like shouting or fighting), covert aggression might include passive-aggressive actions, manipulation, social exclusion, or sarcasm. The aggressor often hides their true intentions, making it hard for others to recognize they are being targeted. This type of aggression can create a toxic environment, as it fosters distrust and instability in relationships without clear accountability. Understanding covert aggression is crucial for identifying unhealthy dynamics in personal or professional settings.