Cosmological Constant
The cosmological constant is a value that represents the energy density of empty space or "vacuum" in the universe. Introduced by Albert Einstein in his equations of general relativity, it accounts for the accelerated expansion of the universe. Essentially, as the universe expands, this constant acts as a repulsive force, causing galaxies to move away from each other faster. It helps scientists understand dark energy, which makes up about 70% of the universe's energy content. In summary, the cosmological constant is crucial for explaining the universe's growth and behavior over time.
Additional Insights
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The cosmological constant is a term introduced by Albert Einstein in his equations of General Relativity to account for a force that opposes gravity, maintaining a static universe. After discovering the universe is expanding, he referred to it as his "greatest blunder." However, it gained importance again with the discovery of dark energy, which drives this accelerated expansion. In essence, the cosmological constant represents a form of energy density filling space, influencing the universe's structure and behavior on large scales. It helps explain why galaxies are moving apart faster over time.