Carnot theorem

Carnot Theorem states that no heat engine can be more efficient than a perfectly reversible engine operating between two heat reservoirs at different temperatures. It establishes an upper limit on the efficiency of heat engines, which can be expressed with the formula: efficiency = 1 - (T_cold/T_hot), where temperatures are in absolute units (Kelvin). This means that as the temperature difference increases, a heat engine can achieve greater efficiency, but it can never exceed this theoretical maximum. Essentially, it highlights the fundamental limits of energy conversion in thermodynamics.