Maxwell's demon

Maxwell's demon is a thought experiment proposing a tiny, intelligent creature that can sort fast and slow molecules in a gas, effectively decreasing entropy and creating a temperature difference without expending energy. It challenges the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that disorder tends to increase over time. While it seems to allow a system to become more ordered naturally, when considering the demon's information processing and actions, the overall entropy still increases, maintaining the law's validity. The thought experiment helps explore the relationship between information, measurement, and thermodynamics.