Carbonate buffer system

The carbonate buffer system is a vital chemical process that helps maintain stable pH levels in natural waters and within organisms. It involves a balance between carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and carbonate (CO3 2-). When acids or bases enter a system, this buffer can absorb excess hydrogen ions (H+) or release them as needed, preventing drastic pH changes. This stability is crucial for ecosystems, as many biological processes rely on specific pH conditions to function effectively, making the carbonate buffer system essential for life.