Carbonate buffers

Carbonate buffers are crucial systems in nature that help maintain stable pH levels in solutions, such as blood and seawater. They primarily consist of carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions. When acids or bases enter a solution, these components react to minimize changes in pH. For example, if an acid is added, bicarbonate can absorb the excess hydrogen ions, preventing a drastic drop in pH. This buffering action is essential for various biological processes and ecosystems, ensuring conditions remain favorable for life by preventing harmful fluctuations in acidity or alkalinity.