Biological nutrient removal

Biological nutrient removal (BNR) is a wastewater treatment process that uses microorganisms to remove excess nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, from sewage. These nutrients can cause environmental problems, such as algae blooms in water bodies. In BNR, bacteria convert these nutrients into forms that are less harmful, often by transforming them into gas or solid matter that can be easily removed. The process typically involves various stages, including aeration and anaerobic conditions, to promote the right microbial activity. Ultimately, BNR helps protect water quality and supports healthier ecosystems.