Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)

A Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) is a piece of DNA that scientists use to clone large fragments of genetic material. It's designed to carry and replicate sections of DNA in bacteria, acting like a miniature chromosome. BACs are important for genetic mapping and sequencing because they can hold up to 300,000 base pairs of DNA, allowing researchers to study larger genes or genomic regions. They play a crucial role in projects like the Human Genome Project, helping us understand our genetic makeup and the role of specific genes in various biological functions and diseases.