Welsh Wars of Independence

The Welsh Wars of Independence were a series of conflicts during the 13th century when Wales sought to resist English domination. Key figures like Llywelyn the Great and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd led efforts to unify Welsh principalities and assert Welsh sovereignty. The conflicts escalated with Edward I of England's campaign to conquer Wales, culminating in the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284, which annexed Wales to England. Despite eventual defeat, these wars fostered a strong sense of Welsh national identity and laid the groundwork for future movements toward Welsh independence and cultural revival.