Kingdom of Gwynedd

The Kingdom of Gwynedd was a prominent Welsh kingdom that existed from the 5th century to the 13th century. Located in the northwestern part of Wales, it played a key role in Welsh history, particularly during the struggle for independence against English rule. The kingdom reached its height under kings like Gruffudd ap Cynan and Llywelyn the Great, who sought to unite Wales. Gwynedd is known for its rich cultural heritage, including its contributions to literature and the Welsh language. It ultimately fell to English control in the late Middle Ages, marking the decline of Welsh sovereignty.