Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis

The Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, signed in 1559, ended decades of conflict between France and Spain, primarily over control of territories in Italy. This treaty marked the conclusion of the Italian Wars, solidifying Spain's dominance in Italy while affirming French control over certain regions. It helped establish a period of relative peace in Europe. The treaty also included agreements involving England, which lost Calais to France, further shaping the balance of power in Europe during the 16th century. Overall, it was a significant diplomatic effort aimed at stabilizing relations among major European powers.