Thyroid Hormone Regulation

Thyroid hormone regulation involves a feedback system between the brain and the thyroid gland. The hypothalamus releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), signaling the pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then prompts the thyroid gland to produce hormones (T3 and T4) that control metabolism. When hormone levels are sufficient, the hypothalamus and pituitary sense this and reduce TRH and TSH production, maintaining balance. This system ensures the body’s energy and metabolic processes function optimally, adapting to the body’s needs over time.