The Duhem-Quine Thesis

The Duhem-Quine Thesis suggests that when we test a hypothesis, it’s never just that hypothesis being tested alone; it's part of a network of beliefs and assumptions. If an experiment fails, we can't pinpoint exactly which part of the network is to blame. This means our scientific theories are interconnected, and a single piece of evidence can lead to different interpretations, making it challenging to validate or refute individual theories clearly. Essentially, it highlights the complexity of scientific testing and the uncertainty involved in drawing conclusions from experimental results.