statistical hypothesis testing

Statistical hypothesis testing is a method used to determine if there is enough evidence in data to support a specific claim about a population. It starts with two statements: the null hypothesis, which suggests no effect or difference, and the alternative hypothesis, which indicates a potential effect or difference. Researchers analyze sample data to calculate the probability of observing the data if the null hypothesis is true. If this probability is low, the null hypothesis is rejected, suggesting the alternative hypothesis may be true. This process helps make informed decisions based on statistical evidence.