Null hypothesis significance testing

Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is a statistical method used to determine if there is enough evidence to support a specific claim about a population. In this process, researchers start with a "null hypothesis," which assumes no effect or difference exists. They then collect data and calculate a "p-value," indicating the probability of observing the data if the null hypothesis were true. If the p-value is below a predetermined threshold (usually 0.05), the null hypothesis is rejected, suggesting an effect or difference may exist. This helps researchers make informed decisions based on their data.