Standard Model Lagrangian

The Standard Model Lagrangian is a mathematical expression that describes the fundamental particles and forces of the universe, excluding gravity. It combines principles of quantum mechanics and special relativity to explain how particles such as quarks and electrons interact through three of the four known fundamental forces: electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force. Essentially, it provides a framework for predicting how particles behave and interact, helping physicists understand everything from atomic structure to the behavior of the universe at its smallest scales.