SOLID Principles

The SOLID principles are five key guidelines for designing software that is easy to manage and adapt. They stand for: 1. **Single Responsibility**: A class should have one purpose or job. 2. **Open/Closed**: Software should be open for extension but closed for modification, allowing changes without altering existing code. 3. **Liskov Substitution**: Subtypes must be able to substitute their base types without affecting functionality. 4. **Interface Segregation**: Clients should not be forced to depend on methods they don’t use; smaller, specific interfaces are better. 5. **Dependency Inversion**: High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules; both should depend on abstractions. These principles help create robust, maintainable systems.