small GTPase

Small GTPases are a type of protein that act like molecular switches within cells. They help regulate various cellular processes, including growth, movement, and communication. These proteins bind to molecules called GTP (guanosine triphosphate) and GDP (guanosine diphosphate), which control their active or inactive states. When bound to GTP, the small GTPase is active and can carry out functions; when bound to GDP, it is inactive. Their proper functioning is essential for normal cell behavior, and any malfunction can contribute to diseases, including cancer.