R2P (Responsibility to Protect)

The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) is a global commitment aimed at preventing mass atrocities such as genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. Established in 2005, it asserts that when a nation fails to protect its own citizens from these grave threats, the international community has a responsibility to intervene, using diplomatic, humanitarian, and sometimes military means. R2P emphasizes that sovereignty comes with accountability and that the protection of human rights is a collective responsibility, transcending national borders when individuals are at risk.