International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty

The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) was established in 2000 to address the dilemma between a country's sovereignty and the need for international intervention in cases of severe human rights abuses, such as genocide or ethnic cleansing. It introduced the concept of "Responsibility to Protect" (R2P), which asserts that when a state fails to protect its citizens from mass atrocities, the international community has a responsibility to intervene, using diplomatic or, if necessary, military means, while balancing respect for state sovereignty with the need to prevent suffering.