Petrology

Petrology is the study of rocks, focusing on their origin, composition, and structure. In the context of volcanology, it examines volcanic rocks formed from molten material called magma. When magma erupts to the surface, it cools and solidifies into igneous rock. Petrologists analyze these rocks to understand volcanic processes, the history of eruptions, and the conditions within the Earth’s crust. This knowledge can help predict volcanic activity and understand the Earth's formation and evolution. By studying the minerals and textures in these rocks, scientists gain insights into the dynamic processes that shape our planet.