Non-equilibrium Physics

Non-equilibrium physics studies systems that are not in a stable state or balance, where energy and matter flow continuously. Unlike equilibrium systems, which are stable and unchanging, non-equilibrium systems can change over time and display complex behaviors. Examples include weather patterns, biological processes, and chemical reactions. These systems often have numerous interacting components, leading to phenomena like turbulence or self-organization, where order emerges from chaos. By understanding non-equilibrium dynamics, we can better comprehend many real-world processes, from climate change to traffic flow, highlighting how systems evolve and adapt away from balance.