ligand binding

Ligand binding refers to the process where a molecule, called a ligand, attaches to a specific site on a target protein or receptor. This interaction can trigger various biological responses, like activating a signal or altering the function of the protein. Ligands can be small molecules, ions, or even larger proteins, and they often fit into the binding site of the target like a key in a lock. This binding is essential for many physiological processes, including hormone action, neurotransmission, and immune responses, making it a crucial concept in biology and medicine.