Lactone formation

Lactone formation is a chemical process where a molecule called a hydroxyl acid reacts internally to create a cyclic compound. This typically happens when a hydroxyl group (–OH) and a carboxylic acid group (–COOH) in the same molecule combine, producing a stable ring structure. Lactones are important in various natural products, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals, contributing to flavors and scents. This reaction often occurs during processes like fermentation or aging of foods, giving them unique tastes and aromas, such as in creamy cheeses and wines.