Lactone Biosynthesis

Lactone biosynthesis is the natural process by which certain organisms produce lactones, which are cyclic compounds formed when a hydroxyl group (–OH) within a molecule reacts with a carboxylic acid group (–COOH), creating a ring structure. This process often involves enzymatic reactions that help modify precursor molecules, such as fatty acids, through oxidation, reduction, or other biochemical steps. The resulting lactones are found in many natural substances, contributing to flavors, scents, or biological functions. This pathway is essential in producing a variety of natural products used in flavors, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals.