in-situ resource utilization (ISRU)

In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) refers to the practice of using materials found on-site in space exploration rather than bringing everything from Earth. For example, on Mars, ISRU could involve extracting water from ice or creating fuel from the planet's carbon dioxide atmosphere. This approach minimizes the need for heavy transportation of supplies from Earth, making space missions more sustainable and cost-effective. By utilizing local resources, astronauts can support longer missions, build habitats, and even create propellant for future journeys, enhancing our ability to explore and inhabit other planets.