Homologous Structures

Homologous structures are anatomical features in different species that share a common evolutionary origin, even if their functions have diverged over time. For example, the forelimbs of humans, whales, and birds have different uses—grasping, swimming, and flying—yet they have similar bone structures, indicating they evolved from a common ancestor. This concept highlights how evolutionary processes can shape different organisms while maintaining underlying structural similarities, reflecting their shared heritage in the tree of life. Recognizing these structures helps scientists understand the relationships between species and the evolutionary pathways that have led to their current forms.