Gene Mutations

Gene mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that make up a gene. These alterations can occur naturally or due to external factors like radiation or chemicals. Mutations can have various effects: some may be harmless, others can cause diseases or increase disease risk, while some might even be beneficial and contribute to evolution. There are different types of mutations, including substitutions (where one letter in the DNA is replaced), insertions, and deletions. Understanding these mutations helps scientists learn about genetic disorders and develop targeted treatments.