Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOP)

Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOP) are military missions conducted by countries, primarily the United States, to assert and demonstrate the right to navigate through international waters and airspace. These operations challenge excessive maritime claims made by other nations, ensuring that sea routes remain open and free for all. FONOPs aim to reinforce international law, promote maritime security, and ensure that global shipping remains unhindered, which is vital for trade and economic stability. They often occur in strategically important areas where tensions over territorial waters may be high, promoting adherence to international norms.